Registration Type

Historic Place Category 1

 

Register Number

100

 

Date Registered

27-Jun-1985

 

Legal Description

Lot 1 DP 199399

 

City/District Council

Auckland Council (Auckland City Council)

 

Region

Auckland Region

 

Summary

The Civic Theatre was built in 1929 as the largest 'atmospheric' picture house in Australasia. Atmospheric cinemas aimed to heighten a sense of escape for the early movie-goer by providing a fantastical environment. The Civic adopted Indian-inspired motifs for its public foyer, including seated Buddhas, twisted columns and domed ceilings. Its main auditorium, designed in a similar style, could hold 2,750 people and is notable for its soft-top ceiling, creating the illusion of an open sky complete with twinkling stars.

Erected by a local entrepreneur, Thomas O'Brien (c.1890-1948), the brick-built Civic was constructed seven years after the first atmospheric cinema in Houston, Texas. It was specifically designed for talking pictures, which had just been introduced to New Zealand. Designed by Charles Bohringer and William Leighton, the cinema contained several innovations, including a tearoom or Wintergarden in its basement, from which patrons could observe the main screen. It also held a rising 'gondola' orchestra pit, and the second largest wurlitzer organ in the Southern Hemisphere. The exterior, of a less elaborate 'picture-box' design, contained shops facing the street and a corner tower to rival that of the nearby St James (see 'St James Theatre, Auckland'). Some major alterations were made, particularly in the 1970s, when the Wintergarden cinema was built in the basement space (now removed). The building has since been restored in a landmark conservation project, continuing to show films as well as being adpated for use as a lyric theatre. It also retains its shops along the street frontages.

Of international significance as the largest surviving atmospheric cinema in Australasia, the Civic Theatre is also nationally important as the first purpose-built cinema of this type. It is the best remaining atmospheric picture house in the country, and an excellent example of early twentieth-century 'picture-box' design. Containing many elements of technological value, the building is historically significant for its associations with the development of the motion picture industry in New Zealand, and the emergence of 'talkies' as a means of mass communication. Recently restored, the interior of the Civic has great aesthetic appeal, and its distinctive exterior is a much valued local landmark. Its value is enhanced by its proximity to other historic buildings used for large-scale public entertainment, including the St James Theatre and Auckland Town Hall.

 

Associated Registrations

• Auckland Town Hall
• St James Theatre

 

Current Use

• Retail and Commercial - Shopping/retail complex
• Civic facilities and recreation - Cinema/movie theatre
• Civic facilities and recreation - Theatre

 

Former Use

• Civic facilities and recreation - Cinema/movie theatre

 

Themes

• Places to Visit

 

Construction Professionals

• Fletcher Construction Company - Builder
• Bohringer, Charles - Architect
• Leighton, William - Architect

 

Notable Features

Registration covers the building, its fixtures and finishes. It includes all recent modifications and extensions. The building lies on the site of early colonial buildings and possible Maori occupation beside the Horotiu stream.

 

Construction Dates

• Other - Site of commercial properties: pre-1862
• Other: 1873 (circa)
• Original Construction: 1929 (circa)
• Modification: 1952 (circa)
• Modification: 1975 (circa)
• Modification: 1997 (circa) - 1999 (circa)

 

Information Sources

• Rod Clough, 'Civic Theatre Project: Archaeological Assessment', Auckland, 1996 (held by NZHPT, Auckland)
• Conservation Plan,Salmond Architects, 'Civic Theatre, Auckland: A Conservation Plan', Auckland, 1996 (held by NZHPT)

 

Other Information

NZHPT Heritage Order (20 May 1988)

 

Report Written By

Martin Jones

 

Report Completed

15-Aug-2001